Q: What is rotavirus?
A: Rotavirus is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea in the world. In fact, by the age of 5 nearly every child will have had a rotavirus infection. It can cause mild to severe diarrhea (gastroenteritis) in children, and usually milder diarrhea amongst adults. Rotavirus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, meaning that the virus particle has to be ingested in order for the person to become infected. This can be through contaminated water sources, food supply, unsanitary eating conditions, etc. In general, good hygiene – especially frequent and thorough hand washing – is the best line of defense from infection. When a child develops severe diarrhea, the diagnosis of rotavirus infection is made based on the history of the illness. Sometimes, a stool sample is collected for analysis. There is no specific treatment for rotavirus aside from prevention of dehydration with electrolyte drinks. However, a rotavirus vaccine is available and is usually given to children in three sequential doses at the ages of 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months.
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