Biochemistry checklist for csir

1. Three compulsory lists that must be at your tips-

• · Ketogenic and Glucogenic amino acids.
• · Essential and Nonessential amino acids.
• · Basic, Acidic, Sulphur containing amino acids.

2. Regulatory Enzymes of pathways e.g.

• · Citrate synthesis in citric acid cycle.
• · Phosphofructokinase in Glycolysis.
• · Pyruvate dehydrogenase in Pyruvate Oxidation.
• · Pyruvate Carboxykinase in Gluconeogenesis.
• · Glycogen Synthase in Glycogenesis.
• · Phosphorylase in Glycogenolysis.
• · G6PD in PPP.
• · HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis.

3. Search for ATP estimates e.g.,

• · 8 ATP's per Glucose molecule in Glycolysis under aerobic conditions.
• · 30 ATP's per Pyruvate molecule entering citric acid cycle.
• · 129 ATP's per palmitate undergoing boxidation.

4. Look for regulatory molecules and feedback inhibitions e.g.,

• · Glucose-6-phosphate inhibition on hexokinase.
• · Citrate's inhibitory effect on phosphofructokinase 1.
• · Alanine's inhibitory effect on Pyruvate kinase.
• · Acetyl CoA's inhibitory effect on Pyruvate dehydrogenase.
• · Long chain acyl CoA's inhibitory effect on Acetyl CoA carboxylase.

5. Look for subcellular organelles where the reactions specifically occur.

• · Enzymes of citric acid cycle in mitochondrial matrix.
• · Enzymes of Glycolysis in cytosol.
• · Enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway in cytosol.
• · Enzymes of denovo synthesis of fatty acids in cytosol.
• · Enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria.

6. Always have a clarity regarding precise role of various lipoproteins.

• · HDL is cholesterol scavenger.
• · Chylomicrons carry dietary cholesterol.
• · VLDL are vehicles of transport of triacylglycerol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues.

7. Vitamins and their role as coenzymes e.g.,

• · Thiamine in oxidative decarboxylation.
• · Niacin in dehydrogenase reactions.
• · Pantothenic acid in CoA.
• · Pyridoxal phosphate in muscle phosphorylase.
• · Biotin in carboxylase enzymes.
• · Vitamin B12 to produce succinyl CoA.
• · Folate in transfer of one-carbon units.

8. Products that accumulate in metabolic disorders e.g.,

• · Homogenisate in urine of Alkaptonuria patients
• · Phenyl acetyl glutamine in phenylketonuria.
• · Xanthurenate in Vitamin B6 deficiency.
• · Branched chain ketonuria in Mapple syrup urine disease.

9. Check for key enzymes responsible for Metabolic disorders e.g.,

• · Glucose-6-phosphates in von Gierkes.
• · Hepatic fructokinase in essential fructosuria.
• · Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in Galactosemia.
• · Cystathionine-b-synthase in homocystinuria.

10. Where NADH forms, where NADPH forms, where FADH2 forms, where substrate level phosphorylation occurs e.g.,

• · FADH2 in succinate dehydrogenase in citric acid cycle.
• · NADH in all degradative reactions.
• · NADPH in all synthetic reactions.
  
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