Genetically engineered animals have been used from decades. These genetically engineered or modified animals play a vital role in the unearthing, development and improvement of new methods and techniques of the treatment of many diseases that had been a threat to the survival and healthy way of life of the mankind. Their different techniques (such as the use of transgenic mice, knockout mice and others) help the genetic engineers and researchers to differentiate new strings of human genome. Due to their graceful work, pharmaceutical industry has grown extensively and helped mankind in the treatment of various deadly diseases and still on the road of development. Because of the development of biomedical research, the use of transgenic animals has been considerably increased. According to the government rules and regulations and other renowned pharmaceutical companies’ inflexible reviews, authorize the use of transgenic animals when there is no alternative left. In the twentieth century, all biomedical and pharmaceutical breakthroughs are the upshot of research on animals.
There are two major techniques for commencing transgenic method in mice, which are pronuclear injection and embryonic stem cells. Pronuclear injection means that peculiar DNA is injected in the pronucleus of a fertilized egg of a mouse which is then integrated in the genome at unsystematic location mostly after two cell divisions. It means that the mouse will be partial transgenic in nature because that peculiar DNA is not a part in each and every cell of the body. The sperms or eggs of these partial transgenic mice are then manipulated to produce entirely Transgenic mice in the next generation. Another method of creating transgenic mice, embryonic stem cells, is inducing DNA in the stem cells of embryo which is randomly integrated in the genome. However, if it has a structure alike to the existing fraction of genome then it goes through the homologous recombination and a sole copy is incorporated at a particular location in the genome. These peculiar cells are then injected into the host embryo, allowing them to grow and be a part of it. Chimera is a terminology that is used for a mouse that is grown from the host embryo, which is created from embryonic cells of two separate mice. Several sperms generated by chimera would be transgenic in nature and as soon as they fertilize a regular egg, the result would be fully transgenic mice comprising that peculiar DNA in every cell.
Guest Post by Sophie Alexander from http://www.transposagenbio.com/
Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
145 Graham Avenue, A217
Lexington, KY 40506
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